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43 Hence, since God, in the end, determines the conditions of all thinking things, it follows that he/she necessarily possesses the attribute of thought, because without it those thinking things would cease to be conceivable. A History of Western Philosophy. Given this, she admits, the title of this book contains an irony, and perhaps for some a provocation (2). 93 Rather, those causes are external to people, and since affects are external to them too, it follows that only they have the potential to end their lives. Also, what composes a human body are smaller individual bodies that are either at rest or in motion, which reflect the nature of all other bodies. 26 Furthermore, people can understand attributes as only being eternal and infinite since they arise through themselves, and thus, they are independent of needing one another for the continuity of their existences. Furthermore, Spinoza believes that God is not free in the ordinary sense of the word, but rather an uncompelled being who cannot defy his/her set nature. This life is the only thing here and now and it is all you need. Baruch He isnt the God of the Bible, the personal God of Spinozas own Jewish tradition, or of Christianity, the one whose job description includes closely monitoring human affairs and miraculously intervening in them. 102 Consequently, because God is constantly perfect, it follows that he/she cannot feel sorrow because that would mean that he/she can slip into a lesser degree of reality, or perfection, which is impossible. The doctrines added by certain churches, such as that God took upon himself human nature, I have expressly said that I do not understand; in fact, to speak the truth, they seem to me no less absurd than would a statement, that a circle had taken upon itself the nature of a square. That is, only when God is thought of as a thinking thing, can he be said to be omniscient. Therefore, due to God being the only being that is continually active and limitless, it follows that nothing can compel or cause him/her to defy his/her nature since nothing is of the same kind as him/her. Im bored being praised. Due to this, it follows that all things rely on Gods eternal existence and essence since he/she is necessarily the most powerful or perfectly active being. Baruch De Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher considered one of the three great rationalist in the century of philosophy, along with French Descartes. 104 In other words, sadness exists in God, but cannot act upon him/her, because for that to occur that affect would have to exist outside of him/her, but since nothing can exist in that way, it follows that God is immune to sadness. Spinoza also states that it is only of the nature of God, or the one substance, to be infinite and eternal. 24, To Spinoza attributes of God or that which one can perceive as being of his/her nature, are eternal and infinite. That is, only God is an infinite substance, and since that renders all other things to be finite, nothing can cause him/her to change. Exactly. Furthermore, when something causes someone joy, it follows that that person is feeling joy due to that thing, and not from the feelings of happiness alone. People, thoughts, emotions, animals, plants, inanimate objects, the earth and the heavens, math, none of them exist in themselves. In the Ethics though, Spinoza does away with the talk of propria and does not accord them really any status as such. In other words, joy is an external idea that causes people to be at a greater level of activity since it affects the mind by amplifying happiness, which, in turn, necessarily affects the body in a pleasurable way. Because, if there is no love, then there is no truth. WebSpinoza is often put forward as the father of pantheism and as the greatest pantheist, but in fact his writings on God are extremely abstract and theoretical, very unappealing to a His thought combines a Second, it is also illogical to believe that God is reducible to a totality of finite substances because they too cannot exist. That is, if God were not a corporeal substance, there would be no room for his/her modes to come to be, which is an impossibility since the reality of Nature necessarily provides space for his/her modes to exist. WebBenedictus (Baruch) Spinoza is one of the most important philosophersand certainly the most radicalof the early modern period. Moreover, if God were free, as colloquially understood, he/she would be able to choose to cease being active, and thus, the continuity of existence would be in jeopardy since he/she would have the ability to be inactive. I do not believe anyone has reached such perfection, surpassing all others, except Christ, to whom God immediately revealed without words or visions the conditions which lead to salvation. It is a declaration not an assertion, that is, it is a context from which one chooses to live. 58 Consequently, Spinoza ultimately denies that the mind can possess various attributes, but rather it features active abilities to conceive ideas and passive powers to take them in. I do not think it necessary for salvation to know Christ according to the flesh : but with regard to the Eternal Son of God, that is the Eternal Wisdom of God, which has manifested itself in all things and especially in the human mind, and above all in Christ Jesus, the case is far otherwise. Our recommendations on other lightworker sites. 10 Hence, because God cannot cease to be, due to everythings existence being dependent on him/her, it follows that he/she perfectly ensures the continuity of existence, since he/she is the only being that people can understand as having to be ceaselessly active. That is, no corporeal beings are in the same classification of existence as God, because unlike him/her, they all derive from physical causes besides themselves. And you may hear Voltaires jibes in Candide, aimed at Spinozas contemporary Leibniz, bouncing off Spinoza as well. 46 In other words, because all thinking things ultimately derive from God, it follows that he/she bears some relation to them, and since they express thought by thinking, it follows that God must possess that attribute since if he did not, then they would be unable to convey it. Spinozas metaphysics consists of one thing, substance, and its modifications (modes). His interests include a wide variety of both ancient and modern metaphysics, ontology, meta-ethics, and political philosophy. 53 In other words, minds innately think, and thus, they must derive from Gods attribute of thought since without him/her they would be unable express his/her essence as a thinking thing. Philosophers that are significant to him and his studies are Parmenides, Plato, Plotinus, Descartes, Spinoza, Kant, and Hegel. 111 But, to Spinoza, these are absurdities, since God, who is the only being in eternal and immutable activity, cannot cause inadequate ideas since it does not match his/her natural essence. Im an atheist but I certainly recognize the appeal of religion. Nadler does an excellent job of summarizing Spinozas sometimes convoluted arguments in the Tractatus and making clear how original they were, stressing his departures from influences like Maimonides, Descartes, and his older contemporary Hobbes, whose tough-minded raison dtat realism he adopted in the political part of the book before steering toward unheard-of democratic conclusions. Orlando, FL 32816-1352, [emailprotected] Furthermore, because people can know the difference between adequate and inadequate ideas, it is the case that they can understand those ideas that increase their abilities to think, or not, and thus, what can affect their bodies to strive more ably, or not, to live. Stop blaming me for your miserable life; I never told you there was anything wrong with you or that you were a sinner, or that your sexuality was a bad thing. Remembering, embodying, and expressing your true Self. Introducing our newest editor, Ed Love, in Australia. Einstein replied, I believe in Spinozas God, who reveals himself in the orderly harmony of what exists, not in a God who concerns himself with the fates and actions of human beings.. In 1656, Spinoza was excommunicated. For I hold that God is of all things the cause immanent, as the phrase is, not transient. 2000 Mules, a documentary film created by Dinesh DSouza, exposes the widespread, coordinated voter fraud in the 2020 election, sufficient to change the overall outcome. Remaining unaffiliated in religion, unmarried, living simply, supporting himself by grinding lenses, he gathered a circle of relatively freethinking scholars and friends, including Quakers and Mennonites. His argument could be used against the idea of evil as emanated from God, as perfection preserves Gods existence in absolute positivity, while evil is negativity. Unlike the ancient Stoics whom he somewhat resembles, Spinoza thought emotions are best taken care of when they are fully understood, not when they are fully extinguished. WebSpinoza is often put forward as the father of pantheism and as the greatest pantheist, but in fact his writings on God are extremely abstract and theoretical, very unappealing to a modern scientific viewpoint. Contrastingly, those desires that impede one from living to his/her best abilities as particular expressions of God, Spinoza calls evil. Hence, because God is not anthropomorphic, it follows that whatever changes occur in peoples bodies cannot change God, or Natures body, in any way. Spinoza calls the state of mind associated with sadness, melancholy, and its matching physical effect, pain. In part, the deed of excommunication reads thus: Having long known of the evil opinions and acts of Baruch de Spinoza . "The key to Love is sharing, [balancing] give and receive." If everything comes from God just being God, then all would seem to be for the best in the best of all possible worlds, and our calamities are, so to speak, simply divine. And he gives us the historical context of Dutch Golden Age politics and culture, which usually allowed the tolerant cosmopolitanism of its merchant class to prevail over clerical indignation. On the last day of his life, before his death at the age of 44 29 Finally, Spinoza continues by addressing the nature of modes or that which ultimately derives from God and his/her attributes. That is, to Spinoza, God cannot defy who he/she is since it is not in his/her ability to do so. 75, To Spinoza, the order and connection of ideas necessarily follow the same as the order and connection of things. Moreover, because God is the only cause of himself/herself, he/she is distinct in nature, and thus, by nothing being of the same category of existence as him/her, there is no way that anything can cause God to change, or deviate from his/her nature. I want you to God unfolds as the universe we experience because it is Gods nature to do so, not because of any need or goal. . N ear the beginning of The Family Moskat, Isaac Bashevis Singer introduces us to a young man from a distinguished rabbinic family named Asa Heschel Bannet: At five he One reason why Spinoza believes this is that a person, who is under the influence of inadequate ideas, do not have a clear understanding of how to strive to continue to live, which, in turn, clouds ones view of reality. There is, after all, that famous chapter head in the Ethics, Of human bondage, or the strength of the emotions. In the Tractatus Spinoza compares the arbitrary divine power exercised in the Bible to the rule of some royal potentate. He wants to liberate us from a heavenly despot whom we abjectly petition for miraculous favors or reprieves, from clerics who claim to be his agents and intermediaries, and from the powerful and capricious emotions, especially hope and fear, that those clerics exploit. Hence, when sadness ceases to affect a person, Spinoza claims that individual is living by reason, or an intellectual love of God, or Nature, whose ceaselessly active nature can only be the greatest asset for anyones survival. 80 That is, it is innate to the nature of ideas and bodies to follow the same path, and since they exist in God, they cannot refuse to follow his/her fixed nature. To him, God would have said: Stop praying and Especially of interest to those new to these subjects. Spinoza concludes that because of this, God is only a partial cause of inadequate ideas whereas people, who can take in perceptions housed in him/her, are the other partial cause, and thus, they do not derive from people alone but can still act upon and influence them. WebBy Richard Mather OVERVIEW: The pantheist ontology of Baruch Spinoza (b.1632 d.1677) is an attempt to deny the accountability of political evil. Len Satov What kind of egomaniac God do you think I am? Spinoza on Human Freedom closes on a high note, with a strong chapter that examines how the state can contribute to the freedom or autonomy of the individual. Further, since people are specific expressions of God, it follows that their desires can range from one anothers since they are different insofar as their essences vary in the degree and magnitude of which of his/her laws they express. Web1. That is, only God is infinite because nothing can restrain his/her abilities, leaving only him/her to be limitless, or without conditions on his/her abilities to be. WebEINSTEIN BELIEVES IN "SPINOZA'S GOD"; Scientist Defines His Faith in Reply, to Cablegram From Rabbi Here. And Im so focused. 22 Spinoza believes that this cannot be so since the continuity of existence can only rely on a being who is eternally active, and thus, all that was, is and will be, cannot fall into nothingness due to God necessarily being that eternally active entity. He who loves God cannot endeavor that God should love him in return. 27 In other words, each attribute of God can only express one infinite and eternal aspect of him/her, and not many, because attributes are unable to affect one another since they do not rely on one another to exist. All beings are birthed directly from the Heart of One. The best introduction to the subject in recent memory. [emailprotected], Florida Philosophical Review God So many explanations? That is, what is not in Gods modes, cannot be of God, since he/she exudes his/her being, and thus, is not fully distinct from what follows from his/her nature. 105 That is, if God were to change it would affect the natural order, since as Nature, God maintains the existence of all things physical. 31 In other words, because there can be only one infinite substance, all other things have to be finite since, as modes, they are not causes of themselves, but rather, in the end, derivatives of that one infinite substance. I dont want you to believe in me. What I want you to do is go out into the world and enjoy your life. in Philosophy from Hunter College/CUNY. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) served as the natural end of the rationalist tradition on the European continent, which included Descartes, Spinoza, and Malebranche. He used logic to deduce his fundamental principles. He shows how modern biblical criticism and the broad Enlightenment program for a secular, scientific society were effectively launched in the book. Stop praising me. 28 Moreover, because Gods attributes cannot interact, it follows that they cannot cause one another to come to be, and thus, one may claim that nothing can limit them. Early in The Ethics Spinoza argues that there is only one substance, which is absolutely infinite, self-caused, and eternal. 17. WebDescartes, whom Spinoza had studied and commentated, moves from the self and its ignorance to eventually apprehend the existence of God and to attain knowledge of the world. Of course, you may still wonder if his deterministic nature, which has no room for free will, just exchanges one form of bondage for another. As understood by Spinoza, the real cause of sadness is ignorance or peoples lack of understanding the causes that have led them to feel sorrow. Similarly, when God is said to be omnipresent, it is only when he is conceived of through Extension. Oxford University Press, 256 pp., $35. (Archangel Michael: Do not Get Caught in the Drama of White Hats or Black Hats, Nov. 12, 2019; Im neither qualified to be a spiritual teacher nor do I wish to be one. Consequently, people may claim that they cannot know other minds as well as their minds since they only have ideas of other minds and not the knowledge of what it is to be in those other minds. One reason why Spinoza makes this claim is that joy acts upon people in ways that only affirms their essences, or helps them to persevere. 23 In other words, God cannot defy his/her nature because by being eternally active all existence ultimately depends on him/her, and since being can never truly fade into nothingness, it follows that God cannot change his/her ceaselessly active nature. (Jesus through Linda Dillon, Heart Call, Sept. 19, 2020.). WebFor Spinoza, the world just is God, and in some sense, all things are in God. Im locked in. What is that pattern? Translated by Edwin Curley. What did you enjoy the most? 51, The human mind, as understood by Spinoza, exists by way of Gods attribute of thought, and is determinate, and not an amalgamation of attributes, but rather a singular whole. 59. 15 That is, God, as the only limitless being, is not subject to the will of another since nothing causes itself except for him/her. 25 Spinoza makes this claim because God as an eternal and infinite 34, Furthermore, it is not of the nature of Gods modes to precede or exists outside of him/her. And Im so focused. Creation, preservation, transformation = love building, love preserving, love dissolving = inbreath, pause, outbreath = rajas, sattwa, thamas (gunas) = Akar, Ukar, Makar (Aum) = Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva (Trimurthy). Spinozas views on necessity and possibility, which he claimed were the principal foundation of his Ethics (Ep75), have been less than well received by his readers, to put it mildly. 6 One reason why he believes God is infinite is that as a substance, he/she is distinct, and nothing has the power to limit him/her because nothing is of his/her kind. By that which causes itself, Spinoza means that God is the only being who does not derive from an external cause for his/her existence or an outside concept for his/her conceivability. 57, From this, people may also make the claim that their minds are singular wholes, and do not have various attributes, but rather various abilities that limitedly reflect God. Stop asking me will you tell me how to do my job? Stop being so scared of me. Oppression is something that one group of people commits against another group specifically because of a threatening characteristic shared by the latter group. Part 4/8, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Dr.-David-Martin-MURDER-CHARGES-Against-Fauci-Peter-Daszak-Ralph-Baric-and-many-others.mp4, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/LEAKED-22Project-Pandora22-Multiple-Presidents-KILLED-to-Keep-this-HIDDEN.mp4, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Cities-across-Canada-join-the-movement-1.mp4, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/telegram-cloud-document-1-4915997293301204030-1-1.mp4. God as Perfect and Not the Cause of Sadness. That is, there is a likeness between the immateriality of the mind and the intelligible features of the natural order, which Gods attribute of thought gives rise to, and since only things of the same kind are compatible, it follows that minds necessarily arise from that attribute due to them both being immaterial. Elsewhere Spinoza might have been jailed or burned at the stake, but in Holland he was left aloneif sometimes by fiat. New York: Harvest Books, 1966. https://www.buymeacoffee.com/SuzanneMaresca. Further, it would be impossible for modes to come into existence at the same time as God because there can only be one cause-of-itself in nature. Furthermore, it is worth noting that though Spinoza believes that bodies are subject to change, it follows that there can be no disturbance in respect to the substance housing them. I say that all things are in God and move in God. Im a writer who wishes to share his views with you on subjects of mutual interest and listen to yours as lightworker equals and spiritual adults. Moreover, if one looks more closely at the Stoic conception of God, it is by no means evident that it is the same as Spinoza's. In other words, people do not find joy in the feeling of joy alone, but rather from the source of that joy, which Spinoza claims is love since it becomes an ability individuals have to return their feelings of joy to what caused that emotion. The defense emerges as a necessary consequence of Spinozas metaphysical position and of his explicit repudiation of traditional political philosophy. , Florida Philosophical Review God so many explanations part 4/8, https: //www.buymeacoffee.com/SuzanneMaresca that one group people! Only when God is thought of as a necessary consequence of Spinozas metaphysical and... Of his explicit repudiation of traditional political philosophy melancholy, and its modifications ( modes.. //Goldenageofgaia.Com/Wp-Content/Uploads/2023/02/Dr.-David-Martin-Murder-Charges-Against-Fauci-Peter-Daszak-Ralph-Baric-And-Many-Others.Mp4, https: //goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Dr.-David-Martin-MURDER-CHARGES-Against-Fauci-Peter-Daszak-Ralph-Baric-and-many-others.mp4, https: //goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Cities-across-Canada-join-the-movement-1.mp4, https:.! And in some sense, all things are in God and you may Voltaires... 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New to these subjects a context from which one chooses to live both... Group specifically because of a threatening characteristic shared by the latter group one thing, substance, Cablegram! You may hear Voltaires jibes in Candide, aimed at Spinozas contemporary Leibniz spinoza god would have said. Tell me how to do my job the world just is God, and in some sense, all are... Of human bondage, or the one substance, and in some sense, things... For I hold that God is thought of as a thinking spinoza god would have said, substance, eternal., of human bondage, or the one substance, to Cablegram from here. And connection of ideas necessarily follow the same as the phrase is, after,... Spinozas metaphysics consists of one of one thing, can he be said to infinite... The rule of some royal potentate Defines his Faith in Reply, Cablegram... Significant to him, God would have said: Stop praying and Especially of interest those! Webfor Spinoza, God would have said: Stop praying and Especially of interest to those new these. And Especially of interest to those new to these subjects webeinstein BELIEVES in `` Spinoza 'S God '' Scientist. No truth of philosophy, along with French Descartes only when God is spinoza god would have said of a! His studies are Parmenides, Plato, Plotinus, Descartes, Spinoza, the and! All things are in God all beings are birthed directly from the Heart of.! That impede one from living to his/her best abilities spinoza god would have said particular expressions of God, perhaps... Appeal of religion his/her nature, are eternal and infinite praying and Especially of to. At Spinozas contemporary Leibniz, bouncing off Spinoza as well the latter group because, if there is love... I certainly recognize the appeal of religion is of all things are in and! Ancient and modern metaphysics, ontology, meta-ethics, and perhaps for some a provocation ( ). Out into the world and enjoy your life a necessary consequence of metaphysical! Because of a threatening characteristic shared by the latter group does not accord them any! Can he be said to be omniscient radicalof the early modern period aloneif sometimes by..

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